Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an illness caused by a virus. It causes a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Small blisters also occur in the mouth, often at the back of the throat. The rash may also occur in the diaper area, and on the legs and arms.
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The virus is often spread through fecal-oral transmission but may also be spread by respiratory secretions. Transmission is most often due to not washing hands correctly, particularly after changing diapers or using the bathroom. Handwashing is key to help prevent the spread of the disease.
As the rash spreads, the original patch is joined by a number of smaller spots that spread out across the torso. In some cases, the spots spread to the arms and legs (however, it usually doesn't appear on the palms or soles). The spots can be slightly itchy.
The herald patch might be the only sign of this condition for up to 2 to 3 weeks. As the rash grows, however, smaller spots (called "daughter" spots) can appear across the torso and on the arms and legs. The spots look almost identical on both sides of the body. These small patches are usually oval shaped and often form a pattern on the back that looks like a Christmas tree.
As this area begins to spread, a child may begin to feel ill and get a fever and, sometimes, chills and sweats. Swollen lymph nodes (or swollen glands) are sometimes found near the area of infected skin.
A doctor can usually diagnose cellulitis by examining the area of affected skin. Sometimes the doctor may check for bacteria by taking blood samples. Positive blood cultures mean that bacteria from the skin infection have spread into the bloodstream. This can cause septicemia (blood poisoning), a serious infection.
Impetigo is contagious, and can spread from one person to another. It's usually caused by one of two bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes (also called group A streptococcus, which also causes strep throat). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is also becoming an important cause of impetigo.
Impetigo can spread to anyone who touches infected skin or items that have been touched by infected skin (such as clothing, towels, and bed linens). It can be itchy, so kids also can spread the infection when they scratch it and then touch other parts of their body.
To keep impetigo from spreading to other parts of the body, the doctor or nurse will probably recommend covering open infected areas with gauze and tape or a loose plastic bandage. Keep your child's fingernails short and clean to prevent scratching that could lead to a worse infection.
To prevent impetigo from spreading among family members, make sure everyone uses their own clothing, sheets, razors, soaps, and towels. Separate the bed linens, towels, and clothing of anyone with impetigo, and wash them in hot water. Keep the surfaces of your kitchen and household clean.
Molluscum is a common viral skin infection that causes small, harmless, raised spots to appear on the skin. It is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus. Once infected, your child can easily spread molluscum to other people, or to different areas on their own body. It is spread by touching the molluscum spots, and through bath or pool water, bath toys and towels.
At first, molluscum spots look like white pimples. They then become round, pearl-coloured lumps that have a white mark or indentation in the centre. They are usually one to five millimetres in size, but can be as big as two centimetres. Generally, molluscum spots are found on the stomach, face, arms, legs or in the nappy area.
The molluscum virus is found in warm water, so children are often infected in swimming pools and baths. Sharing towels and face washers is another way to spread the virus. Molluscum can also be spread from skin-to-skin contact involving the molluscum spots.
Treatment for molluscum is not routinely recommended because most cases clear up on their own in around six to 18 months. If left alone, molluscum does not tend to result in any scarring. Many of the treatment options available can be painful and may increase the chance of scaring. Some treatments may also increase the risk of spreading the infection.
The main symptom of impetigo is reddish sores, often around the nose and mouth. The sores quickly rupture, ooze for a few days and then form a honey-colored crust. Sores can spread to other areas of the body through touch, clothing and towels. Itching and soreness are generally mild.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also called Willis-Ekbom disease, is a sleep disorder in which the child or adolescent reports an uncomfortable and irresistible urge to move his or her legs. This urge usually happens at bedtime but can occur at other times when the legs have been inactive, such as when sitting still for a long period of time (eg, during long car rides or while watching a movie).
To relieve the discomfort, the child or adolescent moves his or her legs, stretches his or her legs, tosses and turns, or gets up and walks or runs around. The relief experienced is usually immediate.
In the United States, approximately 1.5 million children and adolescents are estimated to have restless legs syndrome (RLS). About 35% of patients who report having RLS say it started before 20 years of age.
The exact cause of restless legs syndrome varies from child to child. In some cases, the cause is not known. In other children, RLS can be related to a low iron level or sometimes is associated with diabetes, kidney or some neurological diseases. RLS sometimes runs in families and there is thought to be a genetic link in these cases. Many different types of drugs including those used to treat depression, allergies, and psychiatric disorders may cause RLS as a side effect.
Unfortunately, there is no specific test for restless legs syndrome. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms. A medical history and complete physical exam is conducted to rule out any other possible health problems. A blood test may be ordered to check iron levels. An overnight sleep study may be recommended to evaluate for other sleep disorders, especially periodic limb movement disorder (a movement disorder in which legs kick or twitch during sleep but the child is usually not aware of the symptoms).
Chickenpox spreads to others very easily. Because it can spread from 2 days before the rash appears, it often spreads without anyone knowing. It can continue to spread until all of the blisters have scabbed.
Many schools and daycare centres have policies that require children with chickenpox to stay home for 5 days after the rash appears. The goal is to protect other children from the disease. Unfortunately, this does not stop chickenpox from spreading.
Cancer starts when cells start to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and can spread to other areas. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?
There are many types of soft tissue tumors, and not all of them are cancerous. Many benign tumors are found in soft tissues. The word benign means they're not cancer. These tumors can't spread to other parts of the body. Some soft tissue tumors behave in ways between a cancer and a non-cancer. These are called intermediate soft tissue tumors.
When the word sarcoma is part of the name of a disease, it means the tumor is malignant (cancer). A sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in tissues like bone or muscle. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are the main types of sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas can develop in soft tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues. They can be found in any part of the body. Most of them start in the arms or legs. They can also be found in the trunk, head and neck area, internal organs, and the area in back of the abdominal (belly) cavity (known as the retroperitoneum). Sarcomas are not common tumors.
Some changes in soft tissues are caused by inflammation or injury and can form a mass that looks like a soft tissue tumor. Unlike a real tumor, they don't come from a single abnormal cell, they have limited ability to grow or spread to nearby tissues, and never spread through the bloodstream or lymph system to other parts of the body. Nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans are 2 examples which affect tissues under the skin and muscle tissues, respectively.
Warts can spread to other parts of the body and to other people. It can be spread by skin to skin contact. It can be virus may be spread by towels or other personal items. You can help prevent the warts from spreading. Make sure your child:
Molluscum contagiosum is a common, benign skin disease that primarily affects children. Caused by a poxvirus, molluscum contagiosum may appear anywhere on the skin. It is highly contagious and may be spread through skin-to-skin contact, and it may also be spread on surfaces such as gymnasium mats, clothing, towels, and toys.
Warts are benign skin growths commonly found on the fingers, hands, or feet. Warts occur when the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an infection in the top layer of the skin. Warts are contagious and may be spread by touching a contaminated surface. They may feel smooth or rough, and may or may not cause pain.
Dystonia is often triggered by specific actions, like writing or walking, but can also occur when the child is at rest. Symptoms often start in one part of the body, such as the hand, leg, or mouth, and then spread to other body areas.
Impetigo, caused by bacteria, creates red sores or blisters. These can break open, ooze, and develop a yellow-brown crust. Sores can show up all over the body but mostly around the mouth and nose. Impetigo can be spread through close contact or by sharing things like towels and toys. Scratching can spread it to other parts of the body. It's treated with antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics. 2ff7e9595c
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